PDT involves two main steps: administration of the photosensitizing agent and exposure to light. The photosensitizing agent is either applied topically or injected into the bloodstream, where it accumulates in cancer cells. When exposed to light of a specific wavelength, the agent reacts with oxygen, producing a form of oxygen that kills nearby cancer cells.

PDT is commonly used to treat superficial cancers, including certain types of skin cancer (such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and oral cavity cancers. It may also be used in combination with other treatments for certain types of advanced cancers.

PDT is not suitable for all patients or all types of cancer. It is typically most effective for superficial cancers or precancerous conditions. Your healthcare provider will assess your specific situation and determine if PDT is an appropriate treatment option for you.

PDT has several advantages, including its minimally invasive nature, its ability to selectively target cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue, and its relatively low risk of long-term side effects or complications. It can also be repeated if necessary and may be used in combination with other treatments.

Common side effects of PDT include temporary skin sensitivity to light, redness, swelling, and discomfort at the treatment site. These side effects usually resolve within a few days to weeks. In some cases, PDT may cause scarring or changes in skin pigmentation. Serious side effects are rare but may include infection or damage to nearby structures.

During PDT treatment, you will receive the photosensitizing agent and then undergo light exposure, which may take several minutes to an hour depending on the treatment area. After treatment, you may experience some discomfort or swelling at the treatment site, which should improve over time. Your healthcare provider will provide specific instructions for post-treatment care and follow-up appointments.